Applications
71 articles
CHEM - Apiezon Vacuum Grease Comparison Chart
Grease AP101 AP100 M N Main Application General use Lubricating High vacuum General vacuum Melting Point ASTM.D 566 >20
CHEM - Apiezon Vacuum Grease Vapour Pressure
Vapour Pressure of Apiezon H Grease Over Working Temperature Range Vapour Pressure of Apiezon L, M, N and AP100 Greases Over Working Temperature Ra
CHEM - Chemical Exposure Levels
Six abbreviations are used to describe the administered doses reported in the literature. These terms indicate whether the dose caused death (LD) or other toxic
CHEM - Conductive Adhesives Comparison Table
Product Form Service Temp. Cure Temp. Conductive Media (%) Carrier Binder Solvent Conductive Graphite, 50g paint
CHEM - Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR)
PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS HNBR is widely known for its physical strength and retention of properties after long‐term exposure to heat, oil, and chemicals. De
CHEM - Plastic Properties Table
Table 1. Physical properties of plastics Plastics Maximum temperature for use Brittleness temperature Microwave-ability* Density PFA, Perfluoroalkoxy a
CRYO - Freezing Cryo Centrifuge Tubes
For vials made of polypropylene (some models may contain silicone washers) They can withstand temperatures from +121°C down to -196°C. When freezing, volum
CRYO - Material Storage at Low and Ultra-low Temperature
Plastics Plastics tend to be brittle at deep freezer temperatures and boxes must be handled without physical impact while cold. Polypropylene (PP) is one of
EM - Aperture Materials and Cleaning
APERTURE MATERIALS Whether an aperture can be cleaned and reused depends partially on the material. Platinum Apertures Platinum apertures are easily clean
EM - Cleaning and Care for MiTeGen MicroTools
Cleaning The best and easiest way to clean MiTeGen’s tools is to soak them in a bath of a detergent-containing solution. When mounted in MiTeGen base holders,
EM - Compound, Pure Metal, NBS, and BAS Standards
All compound, BAS standards, Austenitic Steels, and NBS standards are available as single standards or grains. Compound Standards Formulae Name For
EM - Graphene Synthesis & Applications
Graphene Synthesis & Applications Graphene is a single atomic layer of carbon atoms tightly packed in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. This novel material
EM - Guide to TEM Grids, Handling and Preparation
SELECTING GRIDS FOR YOUR APPLICATION There are a range of plain grids, support grids and more available for use, see our TEM gride selection guide. Lar
EM - Heavy Carbon Film
Formvar with "heavier" 15‐25nm carbon coating These grids have a layer of carbon on a thin Formvar film. The carbon layer is thicker than that applied to other
EM - Life Expectancy of Filaments (New and Refurbished)
Life expectancy is defined as the number of hours of operation until 50% of them fail. This means that it is possible for some lamps to fail after a short amoun
EM - Micro Sieve Conversion Table
Micro-sieve set mesh to micron conversions for the following size mesh 25, 35, 45, 60, 80, 120, 170, and 320. U.S. MESH INCHES MICRONS MILLIMETERS 3 0.
EM - SEM Calibration Specimen Mount Types
There are mounts available for most SEMs on the market which are listed below from Type A to Type R. The test specimen of calibration standard is mounted o
EM - SEM Sample Mounting
SEM mount grippersHere are 4 different methods for clean and effective mounting of various types of samples for SEM. 1) Mounting Samples Using Conductive Ad
EM - Silver-loaded Epoxy Procedure
Using Silver Powder to make silver loaded epoxy and more Very fine, high purity silver powder may be used to produce electrically highly conducting paints a
EQU - Carbon Centrifuge Rotors
The primary cause of rotor failure is corrosion and fatigue ‐ damage to metal surfaces due to moisture, chemicals or alkaline solutions which weakens the metal
EQU - Displays, LED vs LCD
Due to the LED's resilience, longevity, brightness and other factors, the pros of the LED display outweigh the specs of the LCD display in most cases. LE
EQU - Dry Nitrogen Operation of Desiccators and Incubators
Gas operation for desiccators or incubators Incubators may be trickle fed with CO2 for maintaining pH levels in tissue cultures. Desiccators use the same physi
EQU - Film Thickness Monitor Crystals (Sputter Coating)
Film Thickness Monitor (FTM) quartz crystals are used to determine the thickness of material deposited and may be used to terminate coating at a pre‐set thickne
EQU - Introduction to Critical Point Drying
Critical Point Drying is so named as it includes, as part of its process, the occurrence known as the continuity of state for which there is no apparent differe
EQU - Laboratory Oven Types
Gravity Convection Gravity Convection Air is circulated by natural convection. Since hot air moves up, a gentle movement keeps temperatures fairly uniform with
EQU - Laboratory Vacuum Microwave Processing
Introduction: Microwave technology has reduced the times required for sample processing by over 90%, when compared to routine processing protocols. Water recir
EQU - National Pipe Thread Taper
American National Standard Pipe Thread standards, often called national pipe thread standards for short, are United States national technical standards for scre
EQU - Quorum Technologies Glow Discharge
Quorum Technologies off two glow discharge systems, MiniQGD and the GloQube Plus. Preparation of TEM Grids using the GloQube Plus Transmission Electron Mic
EQU - Sputter Coating in Electron Microscopy
Physical vapour deposition is a process that has been in use for over a hundred years and is used widely within current technology and manufacturing. The proce
EQU - Sputter Target Materials and Mounting
ProSciTech is one of the best suppliers of targets ‐ anywhere. We supply high purity sputtering targets, and these are well produced and modestly priced. Availa
EQU - Testing Your Ultrasonic Cleaner
Testing procedure: Cut a section of aluminium foil the length and depth of the ultrasonic tank. Immerse section of aluminium foil into the liquid in a vertic
EQU - Water Stills Installation and Cleaning
Most water stills use mains water for single distillation and for cooling to condense the water vapour. Some of our stills allow for feeding in pre‐treated or t
HIST - Epoxy Tissue Staining
Biological specimens embedded in epoxy need to be examined by light microscopy, either for orientation prior to further ultra-thin sectioning, or for light micr
HIST - Floating Sections
How to stop sections from floating off the grid People have dragged a grid held with old tweezers quickly through a flame. The grid should discolour a little a
HIST - Preparing Specimens Without Critical Point Drying
For fast preparation of soft insect tissues, also bacteria and some other "hardy" specimens in lieu of CPD. Required Hexamethyldisilazane (HDMS) Hepes buf
HIST - Section Handling
When the loop holder (loop could be taped or Araldite to a stick) is held in normal operating position, perhaps 70° from the horizontal, then the loop part shou
INT - Calibrating Fluids for pH Meters
Calibrating pH meters A pH meter can only be accurate if it has been calibrated. This needs to be done daily if highly accurate results are required and the en
INT - Calibration Weight Classes
Class E1 These weights are the highest accuracy class, and are intended to be used for traceability between national mass standards and OIML class E2 weights an
INT - Custom Refractometer Scales
Acetic Acid Acetone Ammonia Ammonium Chloride Ammonia Sulphate Barium Chloride Baumé Boric Acid Calcium Chloride Cesium Chloride Citric Acid Cobaltou
INT - Weighing Technique
The long obsolete beam/apothecary's balance was sensitive and accurate, but painfully slow and complicated to operate; digital balances are near magical, but th
LAB - Autoclave Cleaning Manual for Borosilicate Glass Type I Vials
1. Inspection Before cleaning the vials, visually inspect them for any visible dirt, debris, or stains. Remove any visible contaminants from the vials by wi
LAB - Glassware Joint Sizing Guide
Glassware aparatus for the laboratroy requires various joints to be made between pieces of glassware. These temporary joints need to be leak-proof and at times
LAB - Gloves Chemical Resistance Table
This Chemical Resistance Chart is intended to provide general information about the reactions of different glove materials to the chemicals listed. This informa
LAB - Magnetic Stir Bars Guide
Magnetic spin bars are useful for laboratory stirring and allow for precise mixing without mechanical parts touching the fluid, unattended operation and prevent
LAB - Operating Pipette Filler Bulbs
The pipette is gently pushed/twisted into the tube base of the long arm. Gently squeeze the upper or middle valve while squeezing the bulb ‐ this will allow t
LAB - Standard Stopper Sizes
The standard white rubber stopper size dimensions - top diameter x bottom diameter x height in mm. Size Top Bottom Height 000 (MS08) 11.9mm 8.7mm 19
LM - Adapting A Camera To Your Microscope
Connecting a camera to the microscope: digital cameras for microscopy are usually connected to a microscope by one of two means: Cameras with an integral eyepie
LM - Cleaning Optical Components and Instruments
Cleaning of plastic and glass lenses requires care and suitable supplies. The desired result is a clean and fibre‐free lens surface without scratching the lens
LM - Correlative Microscopy Coverslips Hints and Tips
EMS66108-01, EMS66108-02, EMS66108-03, G493-01, G493-05, G493-10 Physical and Chemical Characteristics Resistant to normal chemicals used in electron micros
LM - Counting Chambers
What is a counting chamber and what is it used for? A counting chamber is a precision measuring instrument made of special optical glass. It is used to count c
LM - Coverslip and Slide Trace Impurities
This is a listing of trace impurities in some of our coverslips and slides. Trace Impurities Element Electrically Fused Tubing & Rod Electrically
LM - Eyepiece Reticles, Stage Micrometers & Calibration Factors
The terms ocular and eyepiece mean the same thing. The terms reticle, reticule and graticule are used interchangeably by various organisation and countries,
LM - Fused Quartz
Properties of Fused Quartz Silica is found almost everywhere in nature, it represents almost 1/3 the mass of the earth's crust. Vitreous Silica is the generic
LM - Light Microscopy Definitions
Abbreviations APO = apochromatic CCD = charge-coupled device CMOS = Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor LWD = long working distance NA - numerical ape
LM - Making Slides Hydrophobic and Dust Repellent
Coating with HMDS to make slides hydrophobic and dust repellent Silanisation of glass microscope slides using hexamethyldisil Azane (HMDS) can make slides hydr
LM - Microscope Eyepiece Magnification
Standard 10x eyepieces (oculars) are supplied with all ProSciTech microscopes. Other magnifications are available. 15x and 20x eyepieces are commonly used in st
LM - Polishing Fibre Optic Connectors
ProSciTech offers complete solutions for fibre optic connector polishing ‐ with a full line of high performance precision abrasives, backed by the technical sup
LM - Quartz Slides and Coverslips
Optical properties of fused Quartz Optical transmission properties provide a means for distinguishing among various types of vitreous silica as the degree of t
LM - Resolution and Physical Image Size in C-mount Cameras
Magnification versus Resolution The below table is about a photograph's resolution capacity, which relates both to pixels and output image size. If a camera
LM - Schott Glass Technical Data
Description Schott D263M is a colorless borosilicate glass with a very low iron content. It meets requirements laid down in ISO 8255-1. It has high spectral tr
LM - Stereo Dissection Microscopes
Avoiding Reflections for Stereo Dissection Microscopes The following article is in reference to coins, however it can be adapted to suit any sort of reflect
LM - Utermöhl Chambers
Instructions for combined plate chamber after Utermöhl The small ledge in the centre hole of the base plate has to be greased with a very thin layer of silico
LM - UV Light Exposure Limits
Depending on specific application there may be operator exposure to UV light. The manual does not have any warnings on UV exposure but the TLV for the spectral
TOOL - Diamond Knife Handling
Diamond Knife Handling A diamond knife is not as fragile as you might think. Taking into account the vast array of specimens that it is able to cut successfull
TOOL - Diamond Knife Washer
EMS70605 Diamond Knife Washer Instructions Instructions for use: Put the knife wash on a Magnetic Stirrer. (make sure there is NO heat) Fit the Diamond
TOOL - Microtome Blade Guide
When aiming for excellent sections and great blade durability, it is important to match blades to the job. At high performance levels, blades are good for fai
TOOL - Selecting a Diamond Scribe
The larger the tip/shaft diameter and the greater the included angle the more robust the scribe. Even the heavy duty shaft diamond point tools are meant for scr
TOOL - Wand Plastic Properties
Properties of some high technology plastics used in some wands. PEEK Polyetheretherketone General Description PEEK is a high temperature, high cost , s
VAC - Shaping Carbon Rods with a Manual Shaping tool
Indicator on thumb screw indicates approximately 1mm diameter. Break carbon rod about 50mm - 75mm long. Insert flat end into the hole in the base of the carb
VAC - Vacuum Flange Types and Sizes
General Information: No, NW, KF (from Klein Flansche) and QF are the same types of vacuum flange systems. KF is the more popular European term, while NW is mor
VAC - Vacuum Pumps
Low vacuum pump applications and selection: Two-stage rotary vane pumps and the even higher (oil diffusion, turbo molecular, ion getter) vacuum pumps are sele